Single flowering Lisianthus is appealing in form; however there appears to be a strong consumer preference for double flowering varieties. Doubles have flower petals that present a rose-like appearance when fully open. Lisianthus is commercially propagated by seeds. Seeds are sown in trays containing peat-perlite mixture.
Two-month old seedlings at leaf stage are transplanted. It prefers well drained porous media with good nutrient status. Even though, the plants grow in soil, in commercial production, peat-perlite mixture is used in foreign countries.
Lisianthus grows the best at 24oC day temperature and 18oC night temperature. Temperatures below 18oC significantly slow root and shoot growth but do not hinder subsequent flower development. Temperature has significant effect on flowering time and quality of flowers. Lisianthus produces good quality flowers with excellent post-harvest life when fed with nitrogen and potassium in a 1: 1.
Inflorescence can be harvested when at least two flowers open and other buds develop characteristic colour. Harvesting is usually carried out in morning hours when two flowers are open. For fresh market sales, wait for up to 4 flowers to open before harvesting. Prior to shipping, the cut flower stems are pre-cooled to 55oF. Sugar bush or honey pot belongs to family Proteaceae.
It is a native of South Africa. The flowers are large, mainly oval in shape and the colour varies from light pink, pinkish-red to white. Flowers are surrounded by brightly coloured bracts, covered in silky hairs which are very attractive. Crop is usually propagated by seed or from semi-hardwood cuttings.
Most commercial varieties are propagated by using approximately 20 cm long terminal semi-hardwood cuttings. A 5 second basal dip in IBA ppm is used and cuttings are planted in a well aerated medium with intermittent misting. Spectacular flower arrangements with Protea will provide 2 to 3 weeks of fresh and colorful visual pleasure. When flowers finally lose their freshness, they may be left in vase without water to dry for an enduring dried flower arrangement. Anemone coronaria or poppy anemone is the most widely grown species.
Originated in Western Asia and possibly, the Mediterranean, it belongs to family, Ranunculaceae. Stem terminates in an attractive single, velvety, cup-shaped flower with a darkish centre. Petals are enclosed in a circle of green sepals. Anemone is propagated by seeds and from divisions of rootstocks or by root cuttings. Seeds are mainly used to produce mutants and breed new hybrids.
Seeds are rubbed with sand to remove fuzz and are sown in clean beds in hot weather. Plants take six months to flower. Divisions of tuber or root cutting are made in early spring before growth starts. Harvesting is done early in the day when buds are barely open, as there is no market for half-open flowers.
Great care must be taken in packing and transporting flowers and to avoid stems bending over, bunches should be wrapped in paper and placed upright in containers of water. Cut flowers remain in good condition for 8 days in moderate temperatures. Calla lily, the National flower of Ethiopia is a member of family Araceae. It is a typical African monocotyledonous plant with a long tuberous rhizome and a large spathe. Plant is suited for cool upland areas.
New Zealand is the world leader in calla lily production and export. It is a potential flower that has been commercialized in India recently. Flower consists of a spadix, upper part of which bear male flowers and lower part bearing female flowers. Spathe which surrounds spadix is large and very decorative.
It is cornet-shaped, scented and the diameter of spathe ranges from cm. Their tolerance for moisture makes them excellent for growing in clay soils. A high content of organic matter is also essential.
Plant grows well under open conditions. They also grow well on dry land if adequately irrigated and they do beautifully well in pots also. Growth retardants are used to reduce height of plants. The tuberous rhizomes produce a type of offset which can be divided into fragments and used for propagation. Tubers need to be treated with gibberillic acid to overcome dormancy. In general, it takes about 11 to 14 weeks for plants to flower and about 8 weeks in hybrids.
Bright light is required for best quality and flowering. Flowers are picked as soon as they are completely formed and before they begin to open. Flowers are fragile and so they have to be handled with great care. The red gingers, torch gingers and ornamental Curcumas are the most prominent among them.
Ornamental Curcuma Curcuma spp. Curcuma family has quite an interesting and unique group of flowers. They come in many forms, shapes and colours. Thailand is one of the leading producers, although Israel also has also good cultivation using tissue cultured plants.
Popular species are Curcuma alismatifolia, Curcuma parviflora and Curcuma gracillima. They are propagated by rhizomes which can be handled and shipped easily as they are small and are less heavy compared with other bulbous crops such as lilies and hyacinths.
They can be stored at room temperature for a relatively long period of time, up to 3 months for shipping by air or by sea. Performance of Curcuma under greenhouse conditions revealed that the cultivars Precious Petuma, White Angel and Chiang Mai Pink produced marketable pot plants irrespective of shading intensity. Ornamental Musa Musa spp. Several wild species of Musa are ornamental in nature, particularly plants belonging to the section Rhodochlamys Musa velutina, M.
They are well adapted to humid tropical conditions and tolerate full sun to partial shade. They are propagated by suckers.
Plants usually attain 1. A vase life of 12 to 14 days is observed in distilled water. Africa Australia, S. Africa Kangaroo paw S. Australia Israel Australia Wind flower W. Asia U. A Statice Unknown U.
Dry flower production is labour intensive, provides self-employment and job opportunities for a large number of workers and aids in development of subsidiary industries. Apart from obvious uses in bouquets and flower arrangements, dried flowers can be used in topiaries, swags, wreaths, flower-pictures, greeting cards, pomanders, festive decorations etc. International Market of Dried Flowers 1.
Dried flowers and plant parts in bulk This is a high volume, well established business, which has international market outlets. Dried flowers are then sold by retail florists and in supermarkets.
The varieties of plants used include i Statice ii Helichrysum iii Gypsophila iv Straw flower v Nigella vi Marigold vii selected species of Roses viii Globe amaranth ix Celosia 2. Potpourri Potpourri is a mixture of dehydrated flowers, berries and leaves, exported as scented flowers.
It is usually packed in small muslin bags and placed in wardrobes and drawers as clothe fresheners. This is also used for providing natural fragrance and as a decorative feature in rooms. Generally, potpourri materials should have a strong natural colour. Arrangements with dried plant materials This is used in wreaths and swags where artistic input is the determining factor. The common products marketed are cotton pods, large cones of pines Pinus sp.
Floral handicrafts This includes flower pictures, cards and covers pressed, dried flowers and foliage. Innovative items like candle stands, table lamps, picture frames, floral jewellery, arrangements in glass containers are also made.
They range from traditional air drying methods to modern freeze drying method. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages. The plant parts are dried in well-aerated dark rooms free of moisture and humidity. The bunches of flowers or foliage are hung upside down on horizontally placed poles or wires. Flowers embedded in suitable drying medium in non- metallic containers are exposed to sun daily till it gets dried.
Corrugated boards of same size are placed in between folds to allow water vapour to escape. The whole set up is then placed in plant press. The plant press has to be tightened regularly. This process takes 2 to 3 months for drying. Silica gel is the best desiccant.
Stem ends of fully opened flowers are cut and are placed over 3 cm layer of desiccant in a container. Desiccants are poured over flowers to completely cover in between the petals.
After drying, desiccants are poured off to expose flowers. Loose particles should be dusted away with soft camel hair brush. Mostly, foliages are suited for this method. The plant material absorbs the mixture. Glycerin preserved materials remain supple, pliable and long lasting so they might be used over longer periods. Bleaching is important in processing of plant material that is to be marketed.
Various bleaching agents include sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxidase and sodium sulphite etc. Dyeing of dried plants is a creative fun and they are highly adaptable for home decoration. The lasting quality is one of the greatest assets. Both natural and artificial dyes are popularly used. Natural dyes are obtained from onion skin, marigold petals, rasp berries, blue berries, mulberries, strong tea, sunflower hulls, Hibiscus leaves etc.
Painting of dried plant materials can be done using enamel, poster paint, interior paint and tube paint. Similar practices exist in other cultures, including the Chinese tradition of penjing from which the art actually originated.
The word bonsai is often used in English as an umbrella term for all miniature trees grown in containers or pots. The purposes of bonsai are primarily is to give beauty for the viewer. This may be a cutting, seedling, or small tree of a species suitable for bonsai development. Bonsai can be created from nearly any perennial woody-stemmed tree or shrub species that produces good branches and can be cultivated to remain small dwarf through pot culture with crown and root pruning.
Some species of gymnosperms are popular as bonsai material because they have characteristics, such as small leaves or needles that make them appropriate for the compact visual scope of bonsai. Leaf Trimmer 2. Rake with Spatula 3. Root Hook 4. Coir Brush 5. Concave Cutter 6. Knob Cutter 7. Wire Cutter 8. Care Small trees grown in containers, like bonsai, require specialized care.
Unlike houseplants and other plants of container gardening, tree species in the wild, in general, grow roots up to several meters long and structures surrounding the roots will accommodate several thousand liters of soil.
In contrast, a typical bonsai container is less than 25 centimeters in its largest dimension and minimum 2 to maximum 10 liters in volume. Wild trees typically grow very tall when mature, whereas the largest bonsai rarely exceed 1 meter and most specimens are significantly smaller. It is important to note that few of the traditional bonsai species can survive inside a typical house, due to the usually dry indoor climate.
They can be maintained in dishes, terrariums, hanging baskets totem poles, large individual pots, troughs, or boxes. They can range in height from a few inches to 20 feet or more in large patios or entries. They cover a wide color range and may have small flowers or may not have flowers. Popular shade- loving foliage plants are excellent for indoor use in houses, offices as potted plants, in hanging pots etc. These plants can also be displayed in the front side, steps or terrace of the house.
Sun-loving foliage plants are essential components in gardens for direct planting in fields and also for display in pots. Small-scale entrepreneurs who are good marketers can make substantial profits in spring and summer seasons even on a part-time basis by growing certain foliage plants in 3,square-foot greenhouse.
A least costly greenhouse could be used for multiplying and maintaining foliage plants. Talented horticulture growers sometimes branch out diversify from foliage plants into interior-scaping, the newest service in horticulture nursery business.
Problems facing foliage plant cultivation Pest challenges facing foliage plant producers are among insects, whiteflies, thrips, spider mites, mealy bugs, leaf miners and among diseases, powdery mildew, Xanthomonas, Rhizoctonia, Fusarim, and Phytophthora. Some popular examples of foliage plants are: - 1. Coleus blumei, 2. Sansevieria trifasciata, 3. Dieffenbachia seguine, 4. Caladium hortulanum, 5.
Chloropytum comosum, 6. Tradescantia spp. Begonia rex, 8. Calathea zebrine, 9. Iresine spp. Colocasia esculenta, Maranta leuconeura, Peperomia spp. Fittonia verschaffeltii, Nephrolepis, Aspenium, Dionaea muscipula Cut foliage plants: These are plants which can be cut and put in vases or cases inside homes, offices, restaurants, ceremonial occasions etc.
Cut foliage plants also usually have a long, straight stem for flower arrangement. Table 7: Some popular examples of cut foliage plants are: - Sl. Landscaping is an activity in which beauty as well as function may be determined by the customer. To one person, landscaping may mean some fruit trees or just ornamental plants in the property.
To another customer, plants in the landscape must not only be carefully selected but also be strategically arranged. But the general principles of landscaping are applied in each category to provide the best results by integrating function and aesthetics. One peculiarity in residential landscaping is that when home- owners design their homes, they take keen interest in the landscape design also.
Residential landscaping often has a strong personal touch to it, reflecting the taste and needs of the home- owner. However, when plants are also used to beautify the frontage, surroundings and interiors of buildings, there will be a perfect combination of engineering skills and natural concepts.
In the middle of sprawling skyscrapers, small parks in strategic locations can provide period rest and relaxation to pedestrians and any public person. Community parks, recreational landscapes, playgrounds, ball grounds, tennis courts, trails, pools, ponds etc provide god relaxation and recreation to public in city areas. Commercial landscaping is found in places such as shopping malls, aerodromes, banks, hotels, restaurants etc.
When designing Commercial Landscaping with the public and the business in mind, one important factor to be considered is safety. The landscaping installed should not pose a danger to the business workers or patrons. A botanical design apart from in aesthetic design will also has a strong educational component.
The landscape design and exhibits are organized and designed in such a manner that is very attractive to viewers. Golf courses are landscaped to provide the requirements of game without any obstacles as well as for providing scenic beauty. Zoological gardens adopt landscape designs that are functional with respect to animals that are displayed. A jungle environment may be created in an inner-city zoo to simulate imitate the natural habitat of jungle animals.
A landscape architect is a consultant who designs a site plan and planting plan for clients so as to beautify their landscape or environment. The landscape architect also provide his clients about how to install the landscape design in the specific landscape and also monitor the project until its completion. In most cases portions of the main project are sub-contracted to other professionals.
Site Plan:- A drawing of the locations of plants and inanimate objects in a landscape. Planting Plan:- It is a drawing that specify by means of symbols the types and names of plant species, the number of each species and their locations in a landscape. Aesthetic Benefits Attractive landscapes make people feel better Provides color and fragrance Spaces made useful, comfortable, relaxing, stimulating and contribute much to enjoyable living Functional Benefits Blocks wind and glare Privacy Reduce odor Reduce pollution Environmental Benefits Regulate Temperature Control the drainage of surface water Stabilization of Slope Provide a habitat for all kinds of wildlife.
A park in cities and other incorporated places offer ample recreation facilities and provide enough green space to residents and visitors. Considerations to be taken when using colors are: Year round colors which change by seasons are excellent in landscapes During day time various colors are enjoyed Figure The warm and cool flower colors 2.
Figure Line 3. It is related also to the size of an object or area. Thus it can be discussed in terms of individual plant growth habits or as the planting arrangement in a landscape.
Similarly those with compound leaves are finer than those with uni-leaves. Comparison is how we determine texture in a landscape. One plant might be fine in certain surroundings but in others course. Example: If you are placing rocks in the garden, use the same rock type throughout the garden, rather than assortment of different rocks with varying colors, texture and shape.
Large gardens can be divided into smaller units, in each unit different rock type can be used. However over all unity of the design should be maintained. Figure Unity 2. There is a distinct dividing line between the two sides. These opposing compositions on either side of the central axis create equal attraction. For example, mass may be opposed by color or linear dimension by height.
Generally, transition assists in the gradual movement of a viewer's eye to the design and within it. Proportion Refers to the size of parts of the design in relation to each other, and to the design as a whole. It is the sense or requirement that the size of the individual components or groups of components in landscape fit into the whole landscape harmoniously.
The viewer's eye is quickly forced along straight lines to a focal point. Curved lines are stronger when curved toward each other than when curved outward. Indirect focalization is created by lines curved in the same direction. Figure Repetitions of flowers 9. Details that will not have a major impact on the landscape are omitted to keep it uncluttered. Too much variety or detail creates confusion of perception. Hard landscaping is usually used to define the main lines of the design, although planting may also be symmetrically arranged in rows or geometric beds.
Formal garden design echoes the classical architecture of Greece and Italy. Although some of the earliest Islamic gardens were based on strong geometric lines, and may be considered the earliest of formal gardens, classical and Renaissance influences have had a much stronger impact on formal garden design over the centuries.
Among the most famous formal gardens are Versailles and Fontainebleau, both of which were designed by Andre Le Notre. Although these gardens are massive in scale, the structure and balance of formal garden design can also work well on a much smaller scale. Generally, the axis focuses on a dominant feature, such as a sculpture, statue, or ornament. If space allows, cross-axes can be created; some larger gardens have multiple axial routes that create views along and across the garden.
When designing a formal garden, the space is usually divided into halves or quarters. Larger gardens can be partitioned further, but divisions should be as sizeable as possible to maximize the visual impact of long vistas, or the repetition of topiary or trees.
Parterres, water pools, and expanses of lawn are also common features in formal garden designs. Prominent Focal Point Sculpture is commonly used as a focal point in formal garden design. In traditional gardens, statues of gods and mythological creatures were frequently used. In modern designs, a wider range of subjects and abstract works are used as focal points more frequently.
Topiary provides structure, and dwarf box hedges may be used to form patterns in parterres. Ornament Large, ornate urns, often on plinths or balustrades, provide focal points or punctuation in traditional formal designs. Modern formal gardens may use the same technique, but with simpler designs. Natural Stone Paving provides an architectural element for pathways and terraces. Sawn and honed natural stone slabs can create regular patterns, or may be used to edge lawns and gravel paths.
It may draw inspiration from natural habitats. This style of garden is sometimes referred to as naturalistic.
The overriding feature of a formal garden is the use of regular lines with plants arranged in symmetrical locations and geometrical designs. Plants are usually arranged in rows or other regular patterns. In informal gardens, in contrast, plants are often positioned in clumps a circular group of three or more plants or drifts an elongated grouping of plants.
Clumps and drifts are most often planted with an odd number of the same kind of plant to give the appearance of a more natural grouping. As noted, informal gardens are often naturalistic, echoing the surrounding landscape. Usually implemented on uneven landscape and even sloped to accommodate the uneven landscape.
One can immediately think of the tropical or cottage type of garden as examples of informal gardens. What also comes to mind are the Japanese garden, the Mediterranean garden, container gardening, Italian, succulent, indigenous gardens, the herb garden, the vegetable garden and vegetable container gardening, patio shade, and woodland gardens, to mention a few.
Since this site is a landscape and gardening for beginners site and as such aimed at the novice and do it yourself gardener we will tend to lean more towards the informal style of gardening. The informal garden lends itself open to many possibilities and yields a more natural look and feel to a landscape or garden. You can have more than one theme in your garden and it would feel natural. In time to come we will make it our mission to publish more detailed information on different types of garden styles.
A few types of informal gardens are:- Trench gardening The trench garden presents the gardener with an easy method for organic gardening with health benefits for both the soil and the gardener.
Trench gardening can also be described as vegetable garden design in that it also facilitates design elements. Container gardening Gardening in containers is almost as old the practice of horticulture itself. In nurseries plants are grown in containers and pots to be sold and even later be planted in pots in gardens.
Apart from the nursery practice some plants are happier in pots and can stay there for their entire lifetime. When space is a problem it cannot be used as an excuse to not grow your own vegetables as the vegetable garden can be successful implemented in container gardening. Shade gardens Shade gardens are essentially for the enjoyment of the outdoors in hot, sunny climates. There is nothing better than enjoying a cold drink or a picnic lunch in the cool green shade on a long hot summer afternoon.
In this garden trees reign supreme. A possible area where you can sit and relax also indicates the need for garden furniture, landscape lighting and even garden statues for focal interest. Here inspiration is taken from the simplicity of nature itself. This type of garden with its principle of minimalist simplicity fits perfectly with the restricted townhouse gardening concept. It is also a water wise garden. Meadow gardens The meadow garden requires full sun, un-enriched soil and loads of patience.
This type of gardening will only yield results in approximately four years as this is the amount of time it will take before a meadow forms a stable community.
Seasonal interest would be the main feature in this garden. LAWN: is a piece of land on which grass is grown in residential and small recreational areas. Ordinarily, grass used in the landscape is referred by as a lawn. Figure Lawn TURF: is use by horticulturists to refer grass is mowed cut and maintained which is used in commercial areas, parks, large recreational areas, educational institutions etc.
Bermuda Grass: Cynodon dactylon Bermuda grass is a dense-growing, vigorous grass. It is propagated by rhizomes and stolons. It is drought and salt tolerant but turns brown in winter. It is a multi- purpose grass that can be used as a decorative lawn in residential plot or in large sport fields. It makes a good turf grass for layout on a large Golf Course. Centipede Grass: Eremochloa ophiouroides Centipede grass is dense growing and vigorous.
Written by master gardener DJ Herda, Growing Trees and Shrubs Indoors is a definitive guide on what makes these plants special and all the tips and tricks you need to help them survive and flourish in an indoor environment.
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Written by master gardener DJ Herda, Growing Trees and Shrubs Indoors is a definitive guide on what makes these plants special and all the tips and tricks you need to help them survive and flourish in an indoor environment.
An explosive introduction into the wellness scene, Growing Trees and Shrubs Indoors is for those with a keen interest in gardening, health, and science, offering an entirely new way of promoting human wellness—by creating beautiful, enjoyable surroundings. Download Jcli Plant List books ,. Download Georgia Getting Started Garden Guide books , Georgia Getting Started Garden Guide features plant recommendations from two of Georgia's most highly respected gardening experts, with selections that will thrive amid the state's unique growing conditions.
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